Mawu osakira: VPH Solid-phase holographic grating, Transmittance spectrophotometer, Reflectance spectrometer, Czerny-Turner Optical njira.
1.Mwachidule
The CHIKWANGWANI chamawonedwe spectrometer akhoza m'gulu monga kusinkhasinkha ndi kufala, malinga ndi mtundu diffraction grating.Diffraction grating kwenikweni ndi chinthu chowoneka bwino, chomwe chimakhala ndi mipata yambiri yofanana pamtunda kapena mkati.Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la fiber optic spectrometer.Kuwala kukalumikizana ndi grating uku, kumwazikana m'makona osiyana omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi mafunde osiyanasiyana kudzera mu chodabwitsa chotchedwa light diffraction.
Pamwamba: Sipekitikitala yowonetsera tsankho (kumanzere) ndi spectrometer yotumizira (kumanja)
Diffraction gratings nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: reflection ndi Transmission gratings.Magalasi owonetsera amathanso kugawidwa m'magalasi owonetsera ndege ndi ma gratings a concave, pamene ma gratings otumizira amatha kugawidwa mumtundu wa groove-type transmission gratings ndi volume phase holographic (VPH) transmission gratings.Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kwambiri mawonekedwe amtundu wamtundu wa grating grating ndi VPH grating-type transmittance spectrometer.
Pamwamba: Grating yowunikira (kumanzere) ndi kusefera (kumanja).
Chifukwa chiyani ma spectrometer ambiri tsopano amasankha grating dispersion m'malo mwa prism?Zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mfundo za grating's spectral.Chiwerengero cha mizere pa millimeter pa grating (kachulukidwe ka mzere, unit: mizere/mm) imatsimikizira kuthekera kwa mawonekedwe a grating.Kuchulukana kwa mizere ya grating kumapangitsa kuti kuwala kwakutali kosiyanasiyana kukhale kosiyana pambuyo podutsa pa grating, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri, kachulukidwe ka groove komwe kamapezeka komanso kakulidwe kamaphatikizapo 75, 150, 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3600, ndi zina zotero, kukwaniritsa zofunikira pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu ndi malingaliro.Ngakhale, ma prism spectroscopy amachepetsedwa ndi kubalalitsidwa kwa zida zamagalasi, pomwe magalasi obalalitsa amatsimikizira kuthekera kwa prism.Popeza katundu wobalalitsa wa zida zamagalasi ndi ochepa, zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yowonera.Chifukwa chake, sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri muzamalonda kakang'ono ka fiber optic spectrometers.
Mawu ofotokozera: Zowoneka bwino za makulidwe osiyanasiyana a ma grating groove pachithunzi pamwambapa.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa dispersion spectrometry ya kuwala koyera kudzera mu galasi ndi diffraction spectrometry kudzera pa grating.
Mbiri yachitukuko cha ma gratings, imayamba ndi zoyeserera za "Young's double-slit experiment": Mu 1801, wasayansi waku Britain Thomas Young adapeza kusokoneza kwa kuwala pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwapawiri.Kuwala kwa monochromatic kudutsa m'mipata iwiri kumawoneka m'mphepete mwamphepo zowala komanso zakuda.Kuyesera kwapang'onopang'ono kunatsimikizira kuti kuwala kumasonyeza makhalidwe ofanana ndi mafunde a madzi (mafunde amtundu wa kuwala), kuchititsa chidwi m'magulu a physics.Pambuyo pake, akatswiri ambiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo adayesa kusokoneza kangapo ndikuwona kusiyana kwa kuwala kwa kuwala kupyolera mu gratings.Pambuyo pake, katswiri wa sayansi ya ku France, Fresnel, anayambitsa chiphunzitso cha grating diffraction mwa kuphatikiza masamu opangidwa ndi wasayansi wa ku Germany Huygens, pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kusokoneza kwa Young kumanzere kumanzere, ndi mipendero yowala komanso yakuda.Multi-slit diffraction (kumanja), kugawa magulu achikuda pamadongosolo osiyanasiyana.
2.Reflective Spectrometer
Ma spectrometer owunikira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira yomwe imakhala ndi magalasi ophatikizira ndege ndi magalasi opindika, omwe amatchedwa Czerny-Turner Optical path.Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chotchinga, chowotcha chowotcha ndege, magalasi awiri opindika, ndi chowunikira.Kusintha kumeneku kumadziwika ndi kusamvana kwakukulu, kuwala kocheperako, komanso kutulutsa kwapamwamba kwambiri.Chizindikiro cha kuwala chikalowa m'kang'ono kakang'ono, chimayamba kuphatikizidwa mumtengo wofananira ndi chowunikira chowoneka bwino, chomwe chimagunda kabati komwe mafunde apakati amasiyanitsidwa mosiyanasiyana.Pomaliza, chowunikira cha concave chimayang'ana kuwala kosiyanitsidwa pa Photodetector ndipo ma siginecha a kutalika kosiyanasiyana amalembedwa ndi ma pixel pamalo osiyanasiyana pa chip photodiode, pamapeto pake kupanga sipekitiramu.Nthawi zambiri, spectrometer yowunikira imaphatikizanso zosefera zamtundu wachiwiri-zopondereza ndi magalasi amzanja kuti apititse patsogolo mawonekedwe amtunduwo.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe amtundu wa CT optical grating spectrometer.
Ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti Czerny ndi Turner si omwe anayambitsa makina opangidwa ndi kuwala koma amakumbukiridwa chifukwa cha zopereka zawo zapadera pa gawo la optics - katswiri wa zakuthambo wa ku Austria Adalbert Czerny ndi wasayansi wa ku Germany Rudolf W. Turner.
Njira yowunikira ya Czerny-Turner imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kuwoloka ndi kuwululidwa (M-mtundu).Njira yowoloka / M-mtundu wa njira yowoneka bwino ndiyophatikizana.Apa, kugawa kumanzere-kumanja symmetrical kagawidwe awiri concave kalirole poyerekeza ndege kabati, zimasonyeza onse chipukuta misozi ya off-axis aberrations, chifukwa apamwamba kuwala kusamvana.The SpectraCheck® SR75C fiber optic spectrometer imagwiritsa ntchito njira yamtundu wa M, yomwe imakwaniritsa mawonekedwe apamwamba mpaka 0.15nm mumtundu wa ultraviolet wa 180-340 nm.
Pamwamba: Njira yowoneka bwino yodutsamo / mtundu wowonjezera (mtundu wa M) njira yowonera.
Kuonjezera apo, pambali pa magalasi oyaka moto, palinso chowotcha cha concave.Kutentha kwa concave kumatha kumveka ngati kuphatikiza kwa galasi la concave ndi grating.Chifukwa chake, chowunikira chowunikira chamoto chimangokhala ndi ng'anjo, chowotcha chamoto, ndi chowunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale bata.Komabe, nsonga yoyaka moto imayika zofunikira kumbali zonse ndi mtunda wa kuwala kosiyana ndi zochitika, ndikuchepetsa zosankha zomwe zilipo.
Pamwamba: Concave grating spectrometer.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-26-2023